Umpqua National Forest, located in southwestern Oregon, is a treasure trove of natural beauty and recreational opportunities. From its rich history to its diverse flora and fauna, this forest offers a wealth of fascinating facts for nature enthusiasts and history buffs alike. In this comprehensive guide, we explore 100 interesting facts about Umpqua National Forest, delving into its history, geology, wildlife, and more.

History of Umpqua National Forest

The Origin of the Name

The word "Umpqua" comes from the language of the Umpqua First Nation, who once inhabited the area. It has several possible translations, including "thundering waters" and "along the river.” The name is a testament to the importance of the area's rivers and streams to its early inhabitants.

Local First Nations

Before European settlers arrived, the Umpqua National Forest was home to several indigenous groups, including the Umpqua, Southern Molalla, and Yoncalla. These First Nation groups were known for their fishing and hunting skills, as well as their unique cultural practices tailored to the ecology of the region.

The Cascade Range Forest Reserve

The Umpqua National Forest was first protected in 1893 as part of the Cascade Range Forest Reserve. In 1907, all Forest Reserves of the United States were renamed as National Forests, and the Cascade Range National Forest was eventually split into six distinct forests: Oregon, Cascade, Umpqua, Santiam, Deschutes, and Paulina.

The Civilian Conservation Corps

During the Great Depression, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) played a significant role in developing the infrastructure of the Umpqua National Forest. The CCC built roads, recreation facilities, houses, bridges, and more, many of which still stand today. The CCC's impact on the forest is a lasting testament to the importance of public works projects in American history.

Geology of Umpqua National Forest

Diverse Geological Provinces

Umpqua National Forest is located at the juncture of several distinct geological provinces, which has created a wide spectrum of habitats for plants and wildlife. The forest is situated on the western slopes of the Cascade Mountains, an area known for its volcanic activity and unique geological features.

The Formation of Crater Lake

One of the most notable geological events in the area occurred approximately 7,000 years ago when Mount Mazama erupted and formed Crater Lake. The eruption had a profound effect on the landscape and the people who lived in the area, reshaping the forest and its ecosystems.

The Boulder Creek Wilderness

The Boulder Creek Wilderness is a prominent geological feature within the Umpqua National Forest. This wilderness area is named after Boulder Creek, a tributary of the North Umpqua River. The creek has carved a deep, rugged canyon through ancient volcanic rock, creating a stunning backdrop for hiking and other outdoor activities.

Flora and Fauna in Umpqua National Forest

Diverse Plant Life

The Umpqua National Forest boasts a wide variety of plant species, thanks to its diverse geological provinces and range of habitats. From old-growth forests to alpine meadows, the forest is home to a multitude of tree species, including Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, and western hemlock, as well as numerous wildflowers, ferns, and mosses.

Fish Species

The forest's rivers and streams are home to 18 fish species, including winter steelhead, Chinook and Coho salmon, and sea-run cutthroat trout. The Umpqua National Forest boasts 359 miles of anadromous fish-bearing streams, providing critical habitat for these important species.

Mammals, Birds, and Reptiles

Umpqua National Forest is home to a diverse array of wildlife, including 66 mammal species, 236 bird species, and 27 reptile and amphibian species. This range of wildlife makes the forest an ideal destination for wildlife enthusiasts and nature photographers.

Recreation in Umpqua National Forest

Developed Campgrounds

There are 54 developed campgrounds in Umpqua National Forest, providing nearly 800 campsites for visitors to enjoy. These campgrounds offer a range of amenities, including picnic tables, fire rings, and restroom facilities. In addition, the forest has five historic cabins and lookouts available for rent, offering a unique camping experience.

Trails and Roads

Umpqua National Forest features 350 miles of trail maintained for year-round use, providing ample opportunities for hiking, mountain biking, and horseback riding. The forest also has 1,150 miles of roads maintained for car travel, making it easy for visitors to access its many recreational sites and scenic vistas.

Lookouts

There are four staffed lookouts in the Umpqua National Forest, offering visitors a chance to learn about the history and importance of fire detection in the forest. These lookouts often provide panoramic views of the surrounding landscape and are popular destinations for hikers seeking a rewarding vista.

Wilderness Areas within Umpqua National Forest

Mount Thielsen Wilderness

The Mount Thielsen Wilderness encompasses 26,593 acres and features the striking 9,182-foot tall Mount Thielsen. The mountain's jagged summit is often referred to as the "Lightning Rod of the Cascades" due to frequent lightning strikes. These events have created fulgurites, a glassy rock, on the top 10 feet of the peak. The wilderness area was carved by glaciers and offers a rugged landscape for outdoor enthusiasts.

Rogue-Umpqua Divide Wilderness

The Rogue-Umpqua Divide Wilderness covers 26,350 acres and is located just ten miles west of Crater Lake National Park. This wilderness area offers 100 miles of trails, providing loop opportunities and ridge-top vistas for hikers and backpackers. The landscape is characterized by dense forests, rocky outcroppings, and alpine meadows.

Boulder Creek Wilderness

The Boulder Creek Wilderness spans 19,100 acres and is entirely within the boundaries of Umpqua National Forest. This wilderness area features rugged terrain, old-growth forests, and numerous waterfalls, making it a popular destination for hikers and outdoor enthusiasts.

Crater Lake Wilderness Proposal

Oregon Wild has proposed the creation of a Crater Lake Wilderness, which would partially encompass the Umpqua National Forest. This proposed wilderness area would further protect the region's unique landscapes and ecosystems, providing additional opportunities for outdoor recreation and wildlife habitat conservation.

Waterfalls in Umpqua National Forest

Susan Creek Falls

One of the most picturesque waterfalls in the forest, Susan Creek Falls, can be reached via a 1.9-mile out-and-back trail. The hike is suitable for all skill levels and offers a beautiful view of the cascading waterfall.

Fall Creek Falls

Fall Creek Falls is a stunning waterfall that can be reached via a 1.1-mile out-and-back trail. The hike is relatively easy and offers the opportunity to cool off in the refreshing waters of the falls.

Watson Falls (below)

Watson Falls is a spectacular 272-foot waterfall located in the Umpqua River Valley. The 0.6-mile loop trail leading to the falls is moderately challenging but offers stunning views of one of Oregon's tallest waterfalls.

Lemolo Falls

Lemolo Falls is a 102-foot waterfall surrounded by lush greenery. The 3.2-mile out-and-back trail to the falls is relatively easy, offering hikers the chance to enjoy the sights and sounds of the Umpqua River as it plunges into the canyon below.

Toketee Falls (below)

Toketee Falls is a two-tiered waterfall surrounded by a basalt-columned gorge. The 0.8-mile out-and-back trail leading to the falls is an easy hike that offers stunning views of the waterfall and its unique geological features.

Hiking in Umpqua National Forest

Twin Lakes Trail

The 3.5-mile Twin Lakes Trail is a moderately challenging loop hike that takes visitors around two sparkling alpine lakes. The trail offers opportunities for picnicking, fishing, and camping, making it a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts.

Umpqua Hot Springs Trail

The 0.6-mile Umpqua Hot Springs Trail is a moderate hike that leads to a series of terraced geothermal hot springs overlooking the Umpqua River. This short climb offers a relaxing reward at the end, with stunning views and the chance to soak in the revitalizing hot springs.

Summit Mt. Thielsen

The 9.2-mile out-and-back trail to the summit of Mt. Thielsen is a challenging hike that offers stunning panoramic views of Crater Lake and the surrounding landscape. With nearly 4,000 feet of elevation gain, this hike is best suited for experienced hikers and offers a thrilling adventure for those seeking a challenge.

Outdoor Activities in Umpqua National Forest

Fishing, Kayaking, and Camping

In addition to its wealth of hiking trails, Umpqua National Forest offers a variety of outdoor activities, including fishing, kayaking, and camping. With its diverse habitats and numerous waterways, the forest is an ideal destination for anglers seeking to catch salmon, trout, and other fish species. Kayaking and canoeing are also popular activities in the forest's lakes and rivers, offering a unique way to explore the area's pristine beauty.

Biking and Horseback Riding

Umpqua National Forest features numerous trails suitable for mountain biking and horseback riding, providing additional opportunities for outdoor recreation. The forest's diverse terrain and well-maintained trails make it a popular destination for biking and equestrian enthusiasts alike.